Topology Control and Pruning in Intertwined Biological Flow Networks.

Recent work on self-organized remodeling of vasculature in slime-molds, leaf venation systems and vessel systems in vertebrates has put forward a plethora of potential adaptation mechanisms. All these share the underlying hypothesis of a flow-driven machinery, meant to alter rudimentary vessel networks in order to optimize the system's dissipation, flow uniformity, or more, with different versions of constraints. Nevertheless, the influence of environmental factors on the long-term adaptation dynamics as well as the networks structure and function have not been fully understood.
Therefore, interwoven capillary systems such as found in the liver, kidney and pancreas, present a novel challenge and key opportunity regarding the field of coupled distribution networks. We here present an advanced version of the discrete Hu-Cai model, coupling two spatial networks in 3D. We show that spatial coupling of two flow-adapting networks can control the onset of topological complexity in concert with short-term flow fluctuations.