Neoclassical Viscosities and Anomalous Flows in Stellarators

We discuss initial work to use neoclassical viscosities calculated with the PENTA code [1,2] in a transport model that includes Reynolds stress generation of flows [3]. The PENTA code uses a drift kinetic equation solver to calculate neoclassical viscosities and flows in general three-dimensional geometries over a range of collisionalities. The predicted neoclassical viscosities predicted by PENTA can be flux-surfaced average and applied in a 1-D transport model that includes anomalous flow generation. This combination of codes can be used to test the impact of stellarator geometry on anomalous flow generation.\\ ~ [1] D. A. Spong, Phys. Plasmas {\bf 12}, 056114 (2005).\\ ~ [2] D. A. Spong, Fusion Sci. Technology {\bf 50}, 343 (2006). \\ ~ [3] D. E. Newman, et al., Phys. Plasmas {\bf 5}, 938 (1998).