Development of a Fission Fragment Rocket Engine for Enhanced Propellant Efficiency in Deep Space Exploration

We present findings from our research on the development of a novel fission/fusion fragment rocket engine (FFRE) for deep space exploration, designed to offer significantly higher propellant efficiency than current rocket technologies. The engine concept employs fissile fuel particles embedded in ultra-low-density aerogel matrices to achieve high specific impulse and power density. A critical aspect of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of the behavior of fuel particles and fission-fragment ejecta within strong magnetic fields through experimental investigation, while ensuring the escape of fission fragments without significant attenuation.

To study particle confinement, we utilize 3 Tesla MRI superconducting magnets at Texas Tech Neuroimaging Institute (TTNI) to guide α-particles emitted from Am-241 as surrogates for fission fragments. The experiment, conducted within a 3 Tesla MRI magnet, employs a scintillator-based detection system resistant to strong magnetic fields. Simulations using COMSOL and MCNP software helped optimize the experimental environment, and initial results support the feasibility of the FFRE concept. Additionally, CR-39 detectors and aerogels of varying compositions and physical properties were used to assess particle attenuation, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of aerogel as a matrix material.