Harnessing dipolaritons in an optical microcavity to design high-frequency low-temperature electro-optical devices.

While semiconductor electro-optical devices, such as electro-optical modulators, converters, and sensors, have become standard in conventional applications, it is still challenging to use these devices in the low-temperature environment. It is partially because the heat emitted by the standard devices overloads the refrigerators' cooling system and partially due to specific requirements in the prospective applications. Having in mind potential applications in low-temperature electronics and as a part of quantum computing hardware, we are reporting the design of a dipolariton-based electro-optical converter that is able to work at helium temperatures and converts milli-Volt-scale, short (up to 10 ps) electric pulses to optical signals. Dipolaritons are a three-way quantum superposition of microcavity photons, direct excitons and indirect (charge-transfer) excitons in gallium arsenide/aluminum gallium arsenide (GaAs/AlGaAs) coupled quantum wells. By numerically solving a driven-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equation for dipolaritons in a cavity, we studied the dipolariton dynamics in presence of the external electric signals applied to one of the quantum wells embedded in the microcavity. We demonstrate that the proposed device converts pulsed electric signals to optical pulses pulsed electric signals with the amplitude up to 10 mV in a broad range of frequencies up to 8.5 GHz. We also discuss application of the dipolariton-based devices in quantum sensors.