Dynamics and Shielding in 1D Quantum Systems with Short and Long-Range Interactions

Long-range interacting 1D quantum chains provide a robust platform for simulating complex quantum systems and exploring novel quantum phases and critical phenomena. In this talk, we focus on the 1D Ising chain with short- and long-range interactions to investigate how various Hamiltonian parameters—such as coupling strengths, directions, lengths, and the initial state quench manifold—affect the propagation velocity and localization of perturbations. Utilizing a machine learning algorithm we developed, we analyze the influence of these parameters on propagation characteristics, particularly the dynamics associated with long-range couplings. Counterintuitively, long-range interactions can suppress propagation, leading to shielding and freezing effects. To support our findings, we introduce a semi-analytical expression that describes the "light cone" velocity across different Hamiltonians, enhancing our understanding of "light cone" dynamics in long-range systems.