Architected dual-network, solvent-free adhesives for stretchable fabrics

Natural systems, like tendons and spider silk, exemplify how strength and flexibility can be achieved through the combination of rigid and stretchable structures. Inspired by these principles, we developed an innovative, solvent-free dual-network adhesive designed for applications requiring both high mechanical strength and flexibility. Our approach leverages multiple, multi-scale strategies. The adhesive is formed by one network that provides both structural integrity and elasticity, and another network that enhances load-bearing capacity and adhesion to various substrates. We characterize the structure-property relationships as a function of the two networks to provide a quantitative framework for designing the structure to integrate effectively with the bonded flexible substrates. The resulting system provides strong adhesion and excellent stretchability, with performance comparable to conventional methods used for bonding fabrics and stretchable substrates, such as sewing. This new material offers a sustainable and efficient solution for industries such as soft robotics, wearable electronics, and sports apparel.