A Quantum Operating System With Compiler and Auto-Calibration Functions Toward Large-Scale Quantum Computers

Recently, with the goal of achieving a fault-tolerant quantum computer, which requires more than one million qubits, several technologies have been reported to increase the number of qubits. However, there is still a large gap to the target scale. In particular, quantum computers have unique problems, such as variations and errors in the qubits due to manufacturing and environmental changes, which hinder scaling up. To address these issues, we have developed a quantum operating system that can balance scale-up and qubit control, with each component individually tuned to deal with variations and errors. The system has a compiler that can schedule large elements by partitioning tasks, and a calibration that can monitor and adjust qubits. We have also proposed an abstraction and framework that can handle both requirements in a unified way. This framework provides an execution/development environment for various users, with access to the abstraction layer. Using the silicon quantum computer as an example, we present a set of processes that convert quantum circuits into actual control signals, as well as automated processes for calibrating device control conditions. We appreciate IMEC for providing chips to characterize qubits.