Quantum Cryptography Protocols: Security Analysis, Realistic Application, and the Future of Digital Information

With the steady progression of quantum computing, the underlying security frameworks of modern digital systems face an unprecedented threat. As quantum cryptography protocols are developed to counteract the very real possibility of quantum attacks, it becomes imperative that we accurately assess the strengths and vulnerabilities of existing protocols and evaluate their potential for real-world security implementation in the gradual transition to quantum-safe technology. This study provides a comprehensive review and comparative analysis of quantum cryptography protocols and maps a trajectory for the future capabilities of both cryptographic and security-breaking algorithms based on advances in quantum hardware. It also examines the feasibility of employing quantum cryptographic techniques in real-world applications, such as in large-scale financial systems or resource-strained environments. While quantum cryptography offers significant advantages over classical cryptographic methods, its real-world implementation still faces critical challenges. As quantum computing capabilities grow, the urgency to adopt quantum-resistant cryptographic standards and refine quantum cryptographic methods will only increase, shaping the future of secure communications and data protection.