Edge and Vortex States in Vortex-light Driven Massive Dirac Materials

Subjecting a massive two-dimensional Dirac material to a circularly polarized (CP) vortex light beam (VLB) provides a mechanism for the photo-induction of multiply quantized vortex states characterized by their total angular momentum [1]. As the VLB is CP, in addition to vortex states the driven system also hosts topological edge states. In this work, Floquet formalism is employed to describe the system in conjunction with a numerically efficient finite-difference method that avoids fermion doubling [2], preserving the system's symmetries and topology to capture the emergence of vortex and edge states accurately. This method enables the examination of effects for finite sample sizes, variations in light parameters, and edge disorder. Hence, it thoroughly characterizes photon-dressed states, including their spatial extent, robustness to disorder, and degree of hybridization.

[1] L. Massaro, C. Meese, N. Sandler, and M. Asmar, arXiv:2404.09086v2 (2024).

[2] Y. Zhang, Y. Bao, H. Shen, and J. Hu, Phys. Rev. C 106, L051303 (2024).