IceCube: The First Decade of Neutrino Astronomy and Neutrino Physics

Below the geographic South Pole, the IceCube project has transformed one cubic kilometer of natural Antarctic ice into a neutrino detector. IceCube detects more than 100,000 neutrinos per year in the GeV to 10 PeV energy range, providing an opportunity to observe their 3-flavor quantum oscillations at extreme energies and over cosmic baselines. Among those detected, we have isolated a flux of high-energy neutrinos originating beyond our Galaxy, with an energy flux that exceeds that of the extragalactic high-energy photon flux observed by the NASA Fermi satellite. With a decade of data, we have identified their first sources, which point to supermassive black holes at the centers of active galaxies as the origin of high-energy neutrinos and cosmic rays. We recently observed neutrinos originating in our own Milky Way, which is, interestingly, not a prominent feature in the neutrino sky.