Josephson Junction-based Analog Quantum Simulation of the Electromagnetic Stability and Structure of Atoms

Despite the success of relativistic Quantum Electrodynamics and Renormalization Theory, the electromagnetic stability of atoms still lacks a rigorous foundation. It is believed that a non-perturbative approach to Quantum Electrodynamics could provide unique insights into this question [1]; however, the theoretical methods necessary to pursue this approach have yet to be developed. We will make the case that analog quantum simulation with superconducting vortices in long Josephson junctions can provide such unique insight by providing a non-perturbative perspective on the phenomenology of atom formation in the 1+1D relativistic QED, the Schwinger Model. This point of view is backed up by a non-perturbative approach to relativistic QED of electrons and positrons that (1) shows the emergence of a `Schrödinger equation’ for hybridized electronic-radiative excitations, (2) provides a non-perturbative calculation of finite radiative decay rates and atomic energy levels without resorting to renormalization, (3) and explains the stability of the Schwinger atom ground state. We also present the analysis of the dynamics of the formation and the calculation of the lifetime of the `Schwinger Positronium’.

[1] Elliott H. Lieb. The stability of matter: from atoms to stars. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005.