Crystal growth of quantum materials in controlled temperature gradients

Advancements in quantum technologies hinge on the availability of high-quality quantum materials with precise structural and electronic properties. Crystal growth techniques are fundamental in fabricating such materials, where control over growth conditions directly influences material performance. In this presentation, I will talk about two crystal growth methods—self-selecting vapor transport growth and liquid transport growth. Both techniques employ well-controlled temperature gradients to facilitate crystal formation and can be viewed as different variants of conventional chemical vapor transport. We have employed the self selecting vapor transport for the growth of transition metal halides and chalcogenides, while the liquid transport technique has been applied to the growth of a wide variety of quantum materials. I will review the recent advancements in liquid transport growth and highlight instances where it outperforms the conventional vertical flux growth.