Evaporation-induced, power-amplified actuation of confined, swollen polymer gels

In the natural world, numerous organisms have evolved mechanisms for rapid energy release, which has been characterized as Latch Mediated Spring Actuation (LaMSA). These systems rely on latches to control the transition from stable to unstable energy release. A particular type of latch found in natural systems, such as the Venus flytrap, is the snap-through elastic instability. Recent advances in material science have demonstrated that swollen synthetic gels can undergo multiple snap-through buckling instabilities. These synthetic systems hold the potential for energy-efficient, autonomous, and high-power movements, mirroring the adaptability seen in nature. Our research explores the intricate interplay between snapping behavior, diffusion processes, and buckling, which at its core is influenced by the material properties and geometry. We take an innovative approach by investigating the snapping physics of ribbon-shaped gels within the context of elastic and geometric properties, and we investigate how the structures' elastic modulus, diffusion of solvent, and confinement influences snapping behavior. Initial findings from our work reveal relationships between the repeatability of snapping behavior, swelling of the network, and confinement of the ribbon. This research advances the fundamental understanding of polymer-environment interactions and further innovates polymer actuation by manipulating swelling and solvent transport phenomena.