RF-Squad: A Radiofrequency Reflectometry Simulator for Quantum Dot Arrays

Spins in semiconductor quantum dots represent a large-scale integration route for quantum computing hardware. Many efforts have been devoted to creating quantum dot array simulators, with an aim to better understand the complexity of these systems as they scale up. Typically based on the well-established Constant Interaction Model (CIM), they often fail to simulate realistic datasets or recreate important experimental details, such as the set up used to measure the device.

We present RF-Squad, a physics-based quantum dot array simulator capable of realistically replicating the outputs of radiofrequency reflectometry measurements. Implemented in JAX, an accelerated linear algebra library, RF-Squad facilitates the simulation a double quantum dot in milliseconds at the CIM level.

A key feature of RF-Squad is the inclusion of advanced physical phenomena, such as the use of tunnel couplings, the WKB approximation, Fock-Darwin states, different noise models and tunnel rates. Furthermore, the code has been optimized and structured in a layered approach, giving users the flexibility to balance realism and computational speed.

In summary, RF-Squad enables efficient generation of large, realistic charge stability diagram datasets, and serves as a practical tool for researchers to gain a deeper understanding of experimental data. Finally, with its user-friendly design, RF-Squad is accessible to a broad range of users, making it easy to integrate across a wide range of experimental contexts.