Trapped atoms in nanoscale vacuum cells made of van der Waals materials for quantum sensing

A key challenge in atom-based quantum sensing is achieving proximity to the target, while solid-state quantum defects have challenges with nondeterministic production and inhomogeneity. To address these issues, we are developing techniques to trap atoms in nanoscale vacuum cells made from atomically smooth van der Waals (vdW) materials. With vdW material like hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), we have the ability to create air-tight, crystalline, and chemically inert interfaces. Using vdW material fabrication techniques, we produce vacuum cells made of hBN that can be conveniently customized. To introduce alkali atoms such as rubidium into the cells, we are also developing multiple methods including graphite-based intercalation.

I will discuss our fabrication methods and preliminary characterizations of these nanoscale vacuum cells. This approach offers a promising quantum sensing platform, providing nanoscale proximity, spatial deterministic sensor production, and physical and chemical stability.