Continuous reloading of large-scale atom arrays. Part II: Coherent operation and system characterization

Rydberg atom arrays have emerged as one of the leading platforms for quantum computation and simulation, with current state-of-the-art systems approaching thousands of physical qubits and gate fidelities surpassing quantum error correction thresholds. However, a major challenge for these systems is the loss of atoms e.g. during Rydberg gate operations or ancilla readout. To realize fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale, new experimental techniques to continuously and deterministically replace lost atoms are required.

In this two-part presentation, we will introduce a novel method for fast, continuous, and coherent reloading of neutral atom arrays. In part two, we expand the previously demonstrated experimental setup towards logical quantum processing for practically unbounded duration with thousands of qubits. We characterize the system performance as well as demonstrate coherent operations while continuously reloading the array. Together, these techniques represent a promising approach towards the implementation of large-scale repeated quantum error correction protocols with Rydberg atom arrays.