The physics of 10 TeV parton center of mass colliders

The LHC is currently probing the TeV scale, but recently the US high energy physics planning process, Snowmass+P5, identified the goal of reaching the 10 TeV parton center of mass scale. Reaching this scale will take R&D efforts on a variety of potential future collider options, such as muon colliders, proton colliders, or wakefield based accelerators. In this talk I will stress the importance of reaching this scale regardless of technology due to the compelling physics possibilties it provides. I will discuss how reaching this scale is needed to better characterize the Higgs and investigate the questions of where do we come from and where are we headed in the universe. I will also overview how this scale allows us to directly probe some of the simplest possiblities for dark matter candidates. Finally, I will touch on some of the more general possiblities for physics beyond the standard model that could be lurking at this scale, as well as some of the new phenomena predicted in the standard model that we could observe directly.