Merging Lunar Exploration with Multi-Messenger Astrophysics

The first five years of observations by LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) have shown the breakthrough impact gravitational waves have on fundamental physics, astronomy, and cosmology. Several new gravitational-wave detectors are now being planned around Earth (such as LIGO-India) and in space (such as ESA-NASA mission LISA) to expand the science goals of multi-messenger astrophysics, i.e. joint measurement between electromagnetic waves, gravitational waves, and particles. In this talk, we will review a recent global effort to envision a gravitational-wave observatory on the surface of the Moon. We will discuss the unique multi-messenger astrophysics case of the Moon and its synergy with gravitational-wave experiments on the Earth and space. In doing so, we will make a case for fundamental astronomy and physics from the Moon in this new space exploration age led by NASA Artemis, space industries, and space organizations across the globe.