Gravitational Phase Transition in the Early Universe

The universe is a dynamic system. Recently there has been much interest in examining gravity as an emergent phenomena. Cosmologies where the gravitational constant is allowed to vary with the scale factor are considered. The gravitational parameter is modeled as a sigmoid-type function relating to qubits on a holographic screen that describes the information content of the three-dimensional universe encoded on a two-dimensional boundary surface. Kaniadakis and Tsallis deformed fractal statistics are employed in order to describe the interaction between the qubits on the holographic screen. When the qubits are in a highly symmetric state at the beginning of time, the gravitational parameter is repulsive; when the qubits on the holographic screen become more disorganized, the gravitational parameter undergoes a type of phase transition and becomes attractive. The scale factor as a function of time will be examined as well as the quantum properties of the early universe.