Extreme methods of analysis (EMA) beamline at Brazilian Synchrotron Source (Sirius)

The research exploring the limits of thermodynamical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and magnetic field, is a fast-growing and fascinating discipline of science and technology that unravel many truths and facts of nature, which are not possible in ambient conditions. However, improving the quality of the experimental data obtained at extreme thermodynamical remains challenging. To understand the implication of such huge contraction, small focused X-ray beams, smaller than 1 micrometer, is essential to allow in-situ investigations of the crystalline and electronic structure of materials under high pressure. The Extreme condition Methods of Analysis beamline (EMA), of the new Brazilian light source, was designed to overcome this challenge by having both ~0.5x1 µm2 focused beam size with high photon flux (1013 photons/s @ 10 keV) and ~100x100 nm2 focused beam size (with ~1011 photons/s @ 10 keV), both with well-defined gaussian beam shape, which will allow the realization of X-ray absorption (XAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), coherent diffraction image (CDI) and X-ray Raman experiments at extreme pressure with good spatial selectivity and also to avoid pressure gradients. As most complex scientific problems do need a combination of conditions to explore yet unreached points of the phase diagram, we aim at coupling the high-pressure capabilities to low and high temperatures (as low as 300 mK, as high as 8000 K) and high magnetic fields (up to 11T).