Type-II quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional metals

An experiment is proposed to measure the Type-II quantum spin Hall effect of an electron or hole in a two-dimensional (2D) metal. A long cylindrical solenoid lies normally through the inner radius of a 2D metallic Corbino disk. The currect I_s surrounding the solenoid produces an azimuthal magnetic vector potential but no magnetic field in the disk. In addition, a radial electric field is generated across the disk by imposing either (1) a potential difference Δv or (2) a radial charge current I across its inner and outer radii. Combined changes in I_s and in either Δv or I generate spontaneously quantized azimuthal charge and spin currents. The experiment is designed to measure these quantized azimuthal charge and spin currents in the disk consistently. The quantum Hamiltonians for experiments (1) and (2) are both solved exactly. A method to control the Joule heating is presented, which could potentially allow the Type-II quantum spin Hall measurements to be made at room temperature.