Three-state nematicity and magneto-optical Kerr effect in the charge density waves in AV3Sb5 (A=Cs, Rb, K)

The kagome lattice provides a fascinating playground to study geometrical frustration, topology and strong correlations. The newly discovered kagome metals AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb or Cs) exhibit phenomena including topological band structure, symmetry-breaking charge-density waves and superconductivity. Nevertheless, the nature of the symmetry breaking in the charge-density wave phase is not yet clear, despite that it is crucial to understand whether the superconductivity is unconventional. In this work, we perform scanning birefringence microscopy on all three members of this family and find that six-fold rotation symmetry is broken at the onset of the charge-density wave transition in all these compounds. We show that the three nematic domains are oriented at 120° to each other and propose that staggered charge-density wave orders with a relative π phase shift between layers is a possibility that can explain these observations. We also perform magneto-optical Kerr effect and circular dichroism measurements and both signals onset at the charge-density wave transition temperature. In addition, we have found that the sign of both signals of CsV3Sb5 can be switched by external magnetic field, indicating broken time-reversal symmetry and the existence of the long-sought loop currents in that phase.