Single-molecule trajectories in chemically active condensates

Biomolecular condensates provide distinct chemical environments, which can control various cellular processes. The fluorescent labeling of molecules enables molecular tracking and provides an invaluable tool to probe key processes in cell biology. We discuss how biomolecular condensates govern the kinetics of chemical reactions and how this is reflected in the dynamics of labeled molecules. Our theoretical approach provides insights into how the dynamics of labeled molecules can be used to determine chemical reaction rates inside and outside bimolecular condensates. Finally, we address single-molecule trajectories and relate their statistics to the physics of phase separation.