Atom arrays in an optical cavity

Atomic tweezer arrays coupled to optical cavities are a promising platform for quantum information processing due to the programmability of tweezer arrays and the light-matter interface provided by the cavity. When the cavity interacts with a single atom, it enables mid-circuit measurement: single-qubit readout during a multi-qubit quantum process. Measuring either atomic fluorescence or the transmission of light through the cavity, we achieve state measurement infidelities of 0.5% and find negligible decoherence on other atoms tens of microns away from the cavity center. When the cavity couples to multiple atoms collectively, it enhances the light-matter information transfer and facilitates long-range interactions among the atoms. Here we demonstrate precise control of the phase and amplitude of the cavity-atom coupling by positioning the tweezer sites within the cavity lattice. Illuminating the atom array with light propagating perpendicularly to the cavity axis, we observe both constructive and destructive collective Rayleigh scattering into the cavity field. These results are key steps toward observing cavity-mediated interactions between single atoms.