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Silicon spin qubits with implanted single donor ions

ORAL · Invited

Abstract

Single group-V donors in isotopically-enriched silicon (28Si) are strong qubit candidates due to their long spin coherence times [1], small footprints and compatibility with the microelectronics industry. The spin of both the donor electron and nucleus, our resources for storing quantum information, can be controlled and readout using surface nanoelectronics and coupled over a range of length scales. High spin nuclei, such as antimony (123Sb), provide exciting opportunities for storing more quantum information, all electrical control [2] and exploring quantum chaos [3].

The most versatile method for introducing donors in Si is ion implantation, a foundational technique of the information technology industry that has already demonstrated the production of long-lived phosphorus (31P) donor qubits. To date, we have utilised timed implantation to randomly distribute roughly the desired number of donors in the region of interest of our Si chip. This has allowed us to explore one and two qubit systems, however, in order to produce the large-scale arrays of qubits required to run useful quantum algorithms, we require deterministic ion implantation, in which single donor ions are implanted into precise locations.

Our solution to deterministic implantation relies on implanting donor ions through a moveable nanostencil into desired locations within the Si substrate. We count in single donor ions by collecting the ion beam induced charge (IBIC) signal at biased detector electrodes. Recent work [4] has shown the excellent detection fidelity (99.85 %) of near-surface implanted single 31P ions using these IBIC detectors. This method enables arrays of donors to be fabricated in a step-and-repeat process. Our goal is to integrate these deterministically implanted donors with surface control and readout nanociruitry to produce arrays of donor spin qubits to realise the flip-flop qubit architecture [5].

[1] J. T. Muhonen et al., Nature Nano. 9, 986 (2014)

[2] S. Asaad et al., Nature 579, 205 (2020)

[3] V. Mourik et al., Phys. Rev. E 98, 042206 (2018)

[4] A. M. Jakob et al., Adv. Mat. 34, 2103235 (2022)

[5] G. Tosi et al., Nature Comm. 8, 450 (2017)

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Publication: Madzik, Mateusz T., et al. "Precision tomography of a three-qubit donor quantum processor in silicon." Nature 601.7893 (2022): 348-353<br>Ma¸dzik, Mateusz T., et al. "Conditional quantum operation of two exchange-coupled single-donor spin qubits in a MOS-compatible silicon device." Nature communications 12.1 (2021): 1-8<br>Savytskyy, Rostyslav, et al. "An electrically-driven single-atom flip-flop' qubit." arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.04438 (2022)<br>Jakob, Alexander M., et al. "Deterministic Shallow Dopant Implantation in Silicon with Detection Confidence Upper-Bound to 99.85% by Ion–Solid Interactions." Advanced Materials 34.3 (2022): 2103235

Presenters

  • Danielle Holmes

    University of New South Wales

Authors

  • Danielle Holmes

    University of New South Wales

  • Andrea Morello

    University of New South Wales

  • David N Jamieson

    University of Melbourne

  • Alexander M Jakob

    University of Melbourne

  • Tim Botzem

    University of New South Wales

  • Serwan Asaad

    University of New South Wales

  • Vincent Mourik

    University of New South Wales

  • Holly G Stemp

    University of New South Wales

  • Irene Fernández de Fuentes

    University of New South Wales

  • Mateusz T Madzik

    Delft University of Technology, QuTech and the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Intel, University of New South Wales, QuTech

  • Simon G Robson

    University of Melbourne

  • Rostyslav Savytskyy

    University of New South Wales

  • Benjamin Joecker

    University of New South Wales

  • Mark A Johnson

    Quantum Motion, University of New South Wales

  • Fay E Hudson

    1) University of New South Wales, 2) Diraq Pty. Ltd, 1) University of New South Wales, 2) Diraq Pty. Ltd., University of New South Wales

  • Andrew S Dzurak

    1) University of New South Wales, 2) Diraq Pty. Ltd, 1) University of New South Wales, 2) Diraq Pty. Ltd., University of New South Wales, University of New South Wales, Diraq Pty. Ltd.

  • Brett C Johnson

    University of Melbourne

  • Jeffrey C McCallum

    University of Melbourne