Emergent Z₂ gauge theories and topologically ordered phases in Rydberg atom arrays

Programmable quantum simulators based on Rydberg atom arrays provide versatile platforms for exploring exotic many-body phases and quantum dynamics of strongly correlated systems. Motivated by these recent experimental advances, we theoretically investigate the quantum phases that can be realized by arranging such Rydberg atoms on a kagome lattice [1]. By mapping the system to a Z₂ gauge theory endowed with matter fields, we argue that Rydberg platforms could be used to realize topological spin liquid states based solely on their native van der Waals interactions. We show the emergence of two Z₂ quantum spin liquid states based on a detailed Quantum Monte Carlo study and illustrate their rich interplay with proximate solid phases. We also discuss the nature of the fractionalized excitations of these different spin liquids using both fermionic and bosonic parton theories.

[1] RS, Ho, Pichler, Lukin, Sachdev, PNAS 118, e2015785118 (2021).