Phase separation and correlated motions in motorized genome

The eukaryotic genome is organized non-randomly in the three-dimensional space, where the ATP-consuming processes, like transcription, actively impact the spatial organization of chromosomes. Here, we studied the impact of non-equilibrium activities on the structural dynamics and organization of the human genome. A potential energy function derived from chromosome conformation capture data was used to account for effective interactions that fold individual chromosomes and drive their phase separation. Non-equilibrium activities were introduced to active genomic regions through the introduction of time-correlated active forces. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a striking impact of active forces on genomic phase separation. We explored how the balance between the two forces may dictate the formation of normal or inverted chromosome distribution in the nuclei, and contribute to the genome dynamics in the view of long-range coherent motions.