Practical quantum simulation with Floquet calibration

Simulating quantum systems on a quantum computer may avoid the prohibitively high computational cost incurred in traditional approaches. However, systematic errors presented in current quantum devices can add up quickly and have to be mitigated. Common gate characterization tools are often too slow to capture time-varying systematic errors, such as drifts and fluctuations in control fields. We introduce a fast and accurate gate characterization method to minimize systematic errors, called Floquet characterization. Using this technique, we simulate the dynamics of a one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model with over 600 two-qubit gates on a superconducting quantum processor. We observe separations in the charge and spin degrees of freedom, the first time such a phenomenon is observed on a digital quantum computer.