Spatially selective universal quantum operation of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Solid-state spin systems have long coherence time and are inherently small, making them ideal for large-scale integrated quantum storage. However, selective, and precise manipulation of spatially aligned spins is challenging. We realize spatially selective universal quantum gates by using microwave for holonomic manipulation while inducing an optical Stark shift in the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. By using highly localized light for addressing and highly controllable microwaves for gate manipulation, we demonstrate optically addressed quantum gates with <300 nm resolution and >90% fidelity. Our method, based on alternating microwave pulses, allows high fidelity control even for inactive spins, which is difficult to achieve with conventional all-optical manipulation [1-3]. By applying this technique, we also show initialization, arbitrary state preparation, readout, and spin echo. Furthermore, we show local electron-nuclear spin entanglement generation by utilizing the selectivity of electron spins. This enables selective quantum teleportation transfer from photons to nuclear spins [4, 5], paving the way for the realization of distributed quantum computers and the quantum Internet implementing large-scale quantum storage.