Observation of white-light continuum generation and ions emission lines spectra from the plasma generated from laser ablation from the surfaces of the metals, insulators, and semiconductors using high-intensity femtosecond laser pulses

Observation of white-light continuum and emission from ions' spectra from the plasma generated from laser ablation is reported and studied. The emitted spectra arise from the surfaces of different materials such as metals like copper, Al; insulators like glass, calcite; and semiconductors like Silicon, GaAs using focused high power > 1 mJ laser with 90 femtosecond pulses at 800 nm wavelength. The intense femtosecond light-matter interaction at 800 nm on the surface of different condensed matters has produced plasma which has created a white light supercontinuum spanning from 380 nm to 700 nm with the sharp emission peak lines rising from the characteristics of ions of the material for example ionization lines of +1 and +2 as well as Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) lines. The images of laser ablations on the surface have also been studied and a model will be presented to explain the interactions.