Synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles for water purification

Clean water is a basic human right. Many current methods of water purification involve chemicals that are harmful to humans. Processes exist to decrease these chemicals to a safe drinking level, however, they're not gone entirely. Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles, which are biocompatible, offer a solution in that they can aid in the removal of impurities from drinking water and can be easily removed with external magnets, eliminating the need for harmful chemicals. In this study, we compare three separate synthesis procedures to create the particles: thermal decomposition with oleate coating, chemical co-precipitation with polyethylene glycol coating, and electrolysis with no coating. Each method was examined in terms of yield, efficiency and ease of reaction, and the respective size- shape- and crystallinity-controlling capabilities when producing nanoparticles. Each method successfully synthesized the iron oxide with chemical co-precipitation producing the highest yield. Particles were characterized to confirm appropriate size, shape, and crystallinity.