Certainty of a Quantum Measurement System

An improved theory of quantum measurement is presented which relates a polarizer experiment to an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm [1] experiment via clean mathematics and a clear narrative. Many classical measurement systems are comprised of an object and an apparatus. These classical measurement systems are not perfect and have < 100% certainty. This measurement certainty generally is a f(object, apparatus). The outcomes of these classical measurements are often expressed as a value with a certainty interval.

Historically, quantum measurement systems do not associate any system certainty with measurement, only the probability of outcomes. Is every quantum measurement 100% certain? The photon is counted or not. The spin is up or down. We know quantum is a probabilistic theory yet try and fail to make sense of quantum using only the non-probabilistic classical information.

Quantum measurement systems do have quantum system certainty (QSC) associated with measurements as a f(Θ). Further, this QSC is quantized for each event, 100% certain or 0% certain, one or the other, never both. A photon polarized at Θ_a has a probability of QSC as a f(Θ_a, Θ) and a spin measurement of up at Θ_b has a probability of QSC as a f(Θ_b, Θ). It’s very interesting the QSC f(Θ) is the same whether counting photons or measuring spin. The quantum system certainty will be presented which, by introducing the same probability of the QSC onto the polarization of the photon or spin measurement, provides enhanced clarity to quantum measurement.

 

[1] A. Aspect; P. Grangier & G. Roger (1982). "Experimental Realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Gedankenexperiment: A New Violation of Bell's Inequalities". Physical Review Letters. 49 (2): 91–94. Bibcode:1982PhRvL..49...91A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.91