Estimation of the equilibrium free energy for glasses using the Jarzynski equality

The free energy of glasses cannot be estimated using thermodynamic integration as glasses are intrinsically not in equilibrium. We present numerical simulations showing that, in contrast, plausible free-energy estimates of a Kob–Andersen glass can be obtained using the Jarzynski relation. Using the Jarzynski relation, we also compute the chemical potential difference of the two components of this system and find that, in the glassy regime, the Jarzynski estimate matches well with the extrapolated value of the supercooled liquid. Our findings are of broader interest as they show that the Jarzynski method can be used under conditions where the thermodynamic integration approach, which is normally more accurate, breaks down completely. Systems where such an approach might be useful are gels and jammed glassy structures formed by compression.