Three-state Majority-vote Model on Small-world Networks

In this work, we study the opinion dynamics of the three-state majority-vote model on small-world networks of social interactions. In the majority-vote dynamics, an individual adopts the opinion of the majority of its neighbors with probability 1 - q, and a different opinion with chance q, where q stands for the noise parameter. The noise q acts as a social temperature, inducing dissent among individual opinions. With probability p, we rewire the connections of the two-dimensional square lattice network, allowing long-range interactions in the society, thus yielding the small-world property present in many different real-world systems. We investigate the degree distribution, average clustering coefficient and shortest path length to characterize the topology of the rewired networks of social interactions. By employing Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the second-order phase transition of the three-state majority-vote dynamics, and obtain the critical noise, as well as the standard critical exponents β/ν, γ/ν, and 1/ν for several values of the rewiring probability p. We conclude that the rewiring of the lattice enhances the social order in the system and drives the model to different universality classes from that of the three-state majority-vote model in square lattices.