Distinguished Lectureship Award on the Applications of Physics (2019): Nuclear Science: from Fundamental Physics to Medical Technology

Discoveries and technological advances spurred by the demands of nuclear and particle physics research find applications in many disciplines, including providing benefit to society through the treatment and diagnosis of disease. An overview of the connection between nuclear physics and medicine will be presented, with some emphasis on landmark and recent technological developments. As an example, proton radiation therapy is a precise form of radiation treatment for cancer. Due to the characteristic Bragg peak associated with ion energy deposition, proton therapy provides the radiation oncologist an improved method of treatment localization within a patient, as compared with conventional radiation therapy using X-rays. This can be accomplished only in concert with advances in tumor identification and localization, patient motion and positioning, treatment planning and evaluation, and a host of supporting technologies that can leverage nuclear and particle physics detection and data processing techniques.