Protonic Bipolar Semiconductor with Proton and Prohol Self Traps in Our Melted Ice Lattice Model of Pure Liquid Water

We began a study of liquid water in July 2013 and found a physics model was still elusive after Volta invented the Voltaic Cell in 1799, 220 years ago. We reported our discoveries at the September 2013 Annual Fall Meeting of Chinese Physical Society that the 1933 Bernal-Fowler Hexagonal Close Packed crystalline Ice model, proven by Pauling's 1935 residual entropy theory observed by Giauque's 1930−1936 low-temperature specific heat experiments, can model thru water's liquid into vapor phase to quantitively account for the vibration frequencies of isolated water molecule in vapor and the 3 thermal equilibrium liquid properties used worldwide: the pH ionization energy of pure water 540 meV and the thermally activated electrical mobility of positive protons 190 meV and negative prohols 210 meV. The still puzzling kinetic energy band and valence electron bond models in spacetime (x,y,z,t) were instantly recognized by our third author with her Chess Mastery, who joined us in August 2018, trying to provide a A1G & A0T (At 1 Glance & At 0 Think) picture to explain to her peers at the Student Session of the 2019 APS March meeting in Boston. It was the occupation by the protons at only one of the two trisector positions of the 1933 Bernal-Fowler Ice Model. Refer to our 2018 JOS article.