Comparison of deposition techniques for hybrid perovskite solar cells

We examined three different fabrication techniques; single-step solution, two-step solution and solution-assisted vapor deposition to fabricate perovskite films and solar cells. The morphology of the surface and the grain size of the perovskite crystal were mainly affected by lead iodide (PbI₂) layer thickness and methylammonium iodide (MAI) concentration rate. For each fabrication technique, absorption spectrum and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the perovskite films were evaluated. We measured the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells within these techniques. The device made with two-step solution deposition technique showed the highest PCE among solar cells prepared using other perovskite deposition techniques. To improve the cell performance, we also used some of the well-known device engineering methods, such as process and contact engineering.