Inferring 3D Behavior of Dynamically Compressed Granular Materials from X-ray Tomography and Dynamic Radiography Measurements

We present the results of shock compression experiments performed on granular materials composed of spherical, cubic, and angular quartz and glass particles at the Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Prior to shock compression, the samples, which contained several hundred particles, were examined using x-ray computed tomography (XRCT) to determine the morphology and location of each particle in 3D. During shock compression, we used in-situ x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) to obtain 2D images of the shock compression process. We present an algorithm that uses both of these datasets to determine the 3D particle kinematics at each instant of time for which we have 2D in-situ XPCI images. Using the 3D particle kinematics, we show the evolution of the heterogeneity of the particle velocity, shock front thickness, and porosity.