Imaging Electronic States in Two-Dimensional Materials

Over the past 15 years, the class of two-dimensional materials has emerged as a new playground to realize quantum phenomena. This class of materials began with graphene, but has quickly blossomed to include two-dimensional semiconductors, insulators, topological insulators, superconductors and magnets. Individual atomic layers of these materials can now be assembled nearly at will into unique multilayer structures by the simple process of "putting things on top of other things". The two-dimensional structure of these materials is perfect for exploration by scanned probes, which have played an important role in elucidating their electronic structure and phases. I will discuss some of the recent developments in this field that now allow us to realize many unique electronic structures using basic building blocks that are individual atomic sheets, and the new quantum phases that emerge in these structures.