Superconducting vortex-based memory cells

Non-volatile quantized states are ideal for the realization of classical Boolean logics. Abrikosov vortex represents the most compact magnetic object in superconductors with the size determined by the London penetration depth ~100 nm. Therefore, it can be utilized for creation of high-density digital cryoelectronics. In this talk we will describe operation of memory cells, in which a single vortex is used as an information bit [1]. The vortex is pinned at a nano-scale trap and is read-out by a nearby Josephson junction [2,3]. Unlike SQUID-based memory cells, such cells have non-degenerate 0 and 1 states, which greatly simplify the device architecture. Furthermore, SQUID-based devices have a problem with increasing write current upon decreasing the SQUID loop size, preventing a straightforward miniaturization. To the contrary, write current for a vortex is determined by the depinning current density and, therefore, scales with the size. All together this allows simple miniaturization down to sub-micron sizes. We demonstrate that vortex memory cells have a high-endurance operation, are characterized by an infinite magnetoresistance, do not require external magnetic field, have a short access time, and a low write energy. Non-volatility and perfect reproducibility are inherent for such devices due to the quantized nature of the vortex. We argue that vortex-based memory can be used in superconducting digital supercomputers.
[1] T. Golod, A. Iovan, and V. M. Krasnov, Nat. Commun. 6, 8628 (2015).
[2] T. Golod, A. Rydh, and V. M. Krasnov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 227003 (2010).
[3] T. Golod, A. Pagliero, and V. M. Krasnov, Phys. Rev. B 100, 174511 (2019).