Circumferential Buckling of the Confined <i>D-cone</i>

Thin structures deform in dramatic ways to avoid stretching, and this strongly depends on how they are constrained. We observe that in-plane confinement forces the classical packed d-cone to deviate from its characteristic form. Instead of forming a cone with a single region of high stretching, thin, flexible plates wrinkle circumferentially in response to radial and packing-type confinement together. Geometry sets the limiting maximum wavenumber, but dynamic changes in morphology occur even as confinement increases quasi-statically. In a primarily experimental study, we investigate the role of confinement on shape selection, curvature distribution, stretching localization, and the resultant force as waves develop sequentially.