Negative absolute conductivity in photoexcited metals

We show that in a model of a metal photoexcited by a pump pulse resonant with a phonon mode, the absolute dc conductivity may become transiently negative, depending on the interplay between the electronic structure, the phonon frequency and the pump intensity. The analysis includes the effects of inelastic scattering and thermal relaxation. Results for the time evolution of the negative conductivity state are presented, showing that the associated non-equilibrium physics may persist for long times after the pulse. Our findings provide a theoretical justification for previously proposed phenomenology and indicate new routes to the generation and exploration of intrinsically non-equilibrium states.