The interfacial zone around nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites and in thin polymer films

We perform coarse-grained simulations of polymer materials to quantify the range over which interfaces alter the structure and dynamics near the interface. We study the interfacial zone around nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer-NP composites with variable NP diameter, as well as the interfacial zone at the solid substrate and free surface of thin supported polymer films. These interfaces alter both the segmental packing and mobility in an interfacial zone. Variable NP size allows us to gain insight into the effect of boundary curvature, where the film is the limit of zero curvature. We find that the scale for perturbations of the density is relatively small and decreases on cooling for all cases. In other words, the interfaces become more sharply defined on cooling. In contrast, the interfacial mobility scale ξ for both NPs and supported films increases on cooling and is on the order of a few nanometers, regardless of the polymer-interfacial interaction strength. Additionally, the dynamical interfacial scale of the film substrate is consistent with a limiting value for polymer-NP composites as the NP size grows. These findings are based on a simple quantitative model to describe the distance dependence of relaxation that should be applicable to many interfacial polymer materials.