Protonic Bipolar Semiconductor Melted Ice Periodic Lattice Model Explains the Abnormally High Electrical Mobility of Positive and Negative Ions in Pure Liquid Water.

The mobility of positive and negative ions in pure liquid water are higher than impurity ions. This is not understood for 100+ years, but are accurately measured, tabulated in texts and manuals, and used in manufacturing. At the 2013 National Fall Meeting of the Chinese Physical Society, we proposed the melted-ice bipolar protonic semiconductor model to explain this high electrical mobility by drift-diffusion-generation-recombination-trapping of positive protons and negative prohols, including resolution of one protonic boson interacting with one protonic fermion. Our model extends the 1933 Bernal-Fowler Hexagonal Close Packed ice model, proven by 1935 Pauling residual entropy theory on Giauque specific heat measurements. Our 2013 idea arose from the many daily observed properties of nearly pure water, which suggest the persistent long-range-large-volume order when ice melts into liquid. This talk describes, in undergraduate language, the excellent agreement between our model and the three experimental properties of pure liquid water (the proton product or pH and the two protonic mobilities), by viewing the proton and prohol transport tracks through our atomic crystal lattice of pure water.