Monolayered copper based film. Experimental observation and theoretical investigation.

Here we present the report of existence of novel two-dimensional phase of copper oxide studied by experimental and theoretical methods. Using \textit{in situ} scanning transmission electron microscopy it was observed 2D CuO on graphene as well as in the graphene pore with principally different structure from the former reports Density functional theory allowed to elucidate the nature of the stability of observed CuO nanofilms. It was defined a critical role of the oxygen impurity atoms in the formation of stable 2D Cu cluster with unexpected orthogonal crystal lattice. It was found that the structure and stability of 2D Cu clusters strongly depends on the concentration and relative arrangement of oxygen impurities. Number of oxygen configurations was analyzed and the stable configuration was found corresponded well with experimental data. Additional to separated clusters, the periodic 2D CuO crystal was studied in details. Relative stability, features of elastic, electronic and magnetic properties were investigated. First-principles calculations explained the origin of the 2D phase formation and confirms the experimentally observed structures.