Spin~Hall~Angle~in~Gold~thin~films:~large~or~small?

Most of the methods so far adopted to determine the spin~Hall~angle~are involved with the interface between a ferromagnetic (FM) and a nonmagnetic (NM) material, which would inevitably produce some complications in the analysis.~Here,~we~report~a new method~using~simply~nanoscale~H-pattern of gold, which is~free~from any interface~between~FM/NM,~to obtain~the~spin~Hall angle~in~goldthin~films.~A~spin~Hall~angle~around~0.1~is~obtained for~10nm~gold~film but negligibly small for 60 nm gold. This~result~has not~only clarified~the~controversy~about~the~spin~hall~angle in~gold~thinfilm,~but~also~proved~the~feasibility~of~using~H-pattern~to~measure~SHE~in~metallic system.