Zero average and net flows of vortices in hybrid nanostructures with asymmetric pinning potentials

We have fabricated hybrid nanostructures with superconducting film on top of an array of magnetic nanotriangles. In these structures, non-zero DC and AC voltages (V$_{DC}$, V$_{AC})$ are generated by alternating currents injected in the hybrid device. The V$_{DC }$and V$_{AC}$ behaviors give us an overall picture of the vortex dynamics and the rectification effects in these superconducting devices.