Quantum phase transitions in a polarized gas of dipolar molecules forming flexible chain

We numerically demonstrate the formation of quantum flexible chains in a gas of polar molecules confined into a stack of N 1d or 2d optical lattice layers, and with dipole moment aligned perpendicularly to the layers. Molecules interact via dipole-dipole interaction. Ab initio simulations of a single chain pinned at one end reveal quantum roughening transition. Multi-chain ensemble is studied in the J-current model approximation and chain superfluidity (CSF) is found. Increasing density of the chains leads to quantum phase transition from CSF to N-layered molecular superfluid (N-SF). We discuss the nature of this transition and its dependence on density, and the conditions for experimental realization and detection of the chain soup.