Multiple Quantum Well Structures of Graphene

Based on first-principles calculations we predict that periodically repeated junctions of graphene ribbons of different widths form multiple quantum well structures having confined states. These quantum structures are unique, since both constituents of heterostructures are of the same material. The width as well as the bad gap, even the magnetic ground state for specific superlattices are modulated in direct space. Orientation of constituent ribbons, their width and length, the symmetry of the junction and their functionalization by adatoms are structural parameters to engineer electronic and magnetic properties of the quantum structure. Not only the size modulation, but also composition modulation such as the heterojunction of BN in honeycomb structure and graphene gives rise to confined states. Devices made from these graphene quantum structures display negative differential resistance.