High threshold 2D nearest neighbor quantum computation.

We describe a quantum computation scheme on a 2D nearest neighbor coupled square lattice of qubits that requires relatively few physical qubits per logical qubit, permits logical operations between arbitrarily distant logical qubits in almost constant time and has a physical gate threshold error rate of almost 1{\%}. To the best of our knowledge, no other quantum computation scheme simultaneously possesses all of these desirable properties.